English composer Sir Edward Elgar, circa 1900Photograph: Popperfoto/Getty ImagesAubrey Beardsley's illustration of The Toilette of Salome for the first edition of the play Salome by Oscar Wilde, 1892Photograph: AlamyThe composer Richard Strauss in London, 1914Photograph: Getty ImagesA poster by Max Tilke for the 1910 Paris production of Richard Strauss's opera SaloméPhotograph: De Agostini/Getty ImagesVaslav Nijinsky as the faun with Lydia Nelidova, posing for the 1912 Ballets Russes premiere of Debussy's L'Apres-midi d'un Faune, at Le Théâtre du Châtelet in ParisPhotograph: Edward Gooch/Getty ImagesAmerican poet and composer Ezra Pound, circa 1910 Photograph: Hulton Archive/Getty ImagesAlbert Einstein achieved world reknown in 1905, at age 26, when he expounded his Special Theory of Relativity which proposed the existence of atomic energy. He was rewarded the Nobel Prize in 1921Photograph: Bettmann/CORBISGustav Klimt and Emilie Floege in the garden of the Oleander villa in Kammer at the Attersee Lake, 1910Photograph: Imagno/Getty ImagesThe Kiss by the Austrian symbolist painter Gustav Klimt, 1907-1908Photograph: UniversalImagesGroup/Getty ImagesPoster for Schiele's exhibition in the Arnot Gallery, Vienna, January 1915Photograph: Imagno/Getty ImagesLenin in Red Square circa 1917Photograph: UniversalImagesGroup/Getty ImagesA caricature from Die Zeit, 6 April 1913, with the title 'The Upcoming Schoenberg Concert'Photograph: Imagno/Getty ImagesThe house of Dr. Gustav and Helene Scheuch in Vienna by the architect Adolf Loos, 1912-1913Photograph: Imagno/Getty ImagesBritish troops go over the top in the trenches during the battle of the Somme, 1916Photograph: Popperfoto/Getty Images